西方自由主义契约正义观解析——兼论正义观的形成及其合理性

自由主义认为,正义源于契约,通过契约正义本身就得到了证明.这是对契约与正义之间关系的误解.契约必然能导向形式正义,但并非必然能导向实质正义.依据价值基本原理,实质正义是正义实体与正义标准发生联系时的客观属性,与契约没有直接关联.     

The California Coastal Act and Ports: The Unintended Environmental Justice Implications of Preserving California's Coastline

Consistent with the policies set forth in the Coastal Zone Management Act, the California Coastal Act seeks to balance the utilization and conservation of coastal resources, taking into account the social and economic needs of the citizens of California. One way the statute pursues this balance is through its provisions for ports. These provisions have functioned as a type of smart growth planning for ports, encouraging densification of existing port districts and possibly averting maritime commercial and industrial sprawl along the California coast. One unintended consequence of the encouraged consolidation of port activities, when combined with the rapid growth in international trade over the last four decades, has been disproportionally large environmental and health impacts on low-income and minority communities surrounding ports. This article examines how the Port of Long Beach's conformance with the California Coastal Act has resulted in ongoing environmental justice concerns. It discusses approaches employed by the Port of Long Beach to reduce environmental justice concerns resulting from significant and unavoidable environmental impacts and offers suggestions for how to address this issue.     

保障人权--我国刑事司法改革的基本价值

任何改革都需要遵循一定的价值，这决定着改革的其他价值设定和改革的目标、步骤和方法。保障人权就是刑事司法改革的基本价值。这决定着改革在保障人权的前提下追求公正、效率、平等的实现。与国际人权公约相适应的同时，要求改革本身的合法化和程序化，并实现我国刑事法制的现代化。     

论社会主义法治化进程中的司法生态建设

司法生态的发展呈现出正熵和负熵两种状态,负熵形态深入人心。但是,司法生态的正熵发展引发的司法"生态畸形"产生了巨大的社会危害性,仍然不可忽视,分析其产生的各种根源,并提出相应的建议和对策,以期对司法环境的友好构建,实现司法生态和谐有所裨益。     

冲突与平衡：和谐视野中刑事政策的法治边界——宽严相济刑事政策理论与实践研究之六

基于刑事政策自身功能和结构的考量,刑事政策的政策性与法律性的内在紧张始终存在。刑事政策游走于政策和法律之间,对其法治边界的扩张或紧缩,应关注对犯罪反应的有效性和正当性。以和谐法治为统领,架构权力（权利）的法治化博弈机制,在冲突中寻求平衡,于平衡处保持和谐。宽严相济刑事政策应通过法治要素的不断提升,根据宪法和＂良法之刑法＂,在立法和司法两个场域实现刑事法治和善治。     

Environmental justice and hazmat transport: A spatial analysis in southern California

This paper explores whether the risk of a toxic release during transport is greater in poor and minority neighborhoods using a combination of mapping and statistical methods. Cluster analysis is used to examine the density of facilities and transport spill events as well as test for the spatial covariance between facilities and spills. Strong clustering of transport spills is evident, as well as clustering between factory sites and transport spills. A spatial model demonstrates raised rates of transport spills surrounding clusters of toxic firms. Most spills in Los Angeles occurred within 2 km of an intermodal facility. The last step of the analysis compares risk and facility clustering between neighborhoods and socio-economic groups, finding that hazmat spills during transport disproportionately occur in Latino neighborhoods in Los Angeles. The results clarify the spatial distribution of risk and nuisance from freight in urban landscapes.     

社会公正下的农村合作医疗改革

国家自2003年推行新型农村合作医疗制度以来,越来越多的农民被纳入到这项制度中来,并从中受益.但是,由于社会诸多因素的影响,制度的实施过程中出现了一系列现实问题与困难.本文以社会学的视野,凭借社会公正论,力求从社会资源分配的角度,对我国构建新型农村合作医疗制度的困境与出路进行探讨.     

从利益到权利:农业补贴制度的法理分析与发展研究——以社会主义新农村建设为背景

从哲学的主客体二元对立出发，利益是独立于主体世界的彼在。利益的实现需要评价利益的正当性，只有获得正当性评价的利益才能上升为权利。农业补贴是解决农民基本权益和生存问题的最直接、最具有实效的社会公共产品，是达致社会和谐的基础性的平衡稳定机制。在社会主义新农村建设的历史背景下，从生存权与发展权平等的双重理论维度，分析影响该权利实践过程和结果的一系列变量，进一步深化对农民权利保护的全新理念，以期为破解我国“三农”问题、构建和谐社会提供有益思索。     

A new approach for evaluating regional exposure to particulate matter emissions from motor vehicles

Exposure to fine particulate matter from vehicle exhaust is associated with increased health risk. This study develops a new approach for creating spatially detailed regional maps of fine particulate matter concentration from vehicle exhaust using a dispersion model to better evaluate these risks. The spatial extent, diurnal, and seasonal patterns of concentration fields across Los Angeles County, California are evaluated and population exposure and exposure equity by race and income are investigated. The results demonstrate how this modeling approach can create new knowledge about vehicle emissions exposure. This approach also provides a method for proactively screening out regional plans, or specific projects within these plans, that are likely to cause air quality concerns. A proactive and regional air quality assessment can identify potential problems earlier in the planning process and a wider range of solutions, saving time, money and protecting public health. The detailed concentration maps can also be used to improve the siting of regulatory air quality monitors and provide more accurate exposure data for epidemiology studies.     

消费正义:构建和谐社会的伦理基础

消费正义是伴随现代经济增长和欲望消费模式而凸现的重大伦理课题,也是我国构建和谐社会的伦理基础.消费正义的实质是将消费的正当性依据放到正义的价值维度中加以考量,以对消费进行理性反思和价值引导,从而建立一种提升人的生存方式和维护人的尊严的消费模式,它内在地蕴含着人本意识、规范意识和极限意识的维度.不过,消费正义只是理想消费的一种描述性事项,更为关键的问题是实现消费正义的社会建制是什么,因此我们需要从制度安排、幸福理念和物欲批判三个方向去推进消费正义,发挥消费活动对人类的积极价值.